Turbulent flow vs laminar flow9/9/2023 Maximum head loss reduction was observed in higher Reynolds number showing greater efficiency of the additives in turbulent flow. Considerable amount of head loss reduction was achieved by introduction of the chemical additives. The friction factor for laminar flow can be calculated from 64 / Re. Turbulent flow is a less orderly flow regime that is characterised by eddies or small packets of fluid particles which result in lateral mixing. Friction and head loss are found to be influenced highly by Reynolds number depending on type of flow. Kinematic viscosity Laminar Flow Where the Reynolds number is less than 2300 laminar flow will occur and the resistance to flow will be independent of the pipe wall roughness. Pressure drop was seen even in short length pipe of length 5 metre acknowledging the drag effects of pipes cannot be neglected. High molecular weight polymer, Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) and a surfactant, Sodium Salicylate (NaSal) were the two additives used in the fluid in the ratio of 500 ppm and 220 ppm respectively. Flow improving additives were used on the system to study their effects on the friction and head loss. The highlighted column in the figure is K, the hydraulic conductivity in m s these are the units that we will be using. The head loss and friction coefficients of fluid were analysed to understand their functioning under turbulent flow regimes. where k is the intrinsic permeability of the porous media (the solid), is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, and g is the specific weight of the fluid, which depends on the fluid density, and gravity, g. The experiment was done by connecting the experimental pipes to the system and circulating fluid through them. These additives would decrease the energy loss by decreasing drag effects in a flow. Through this thesis, the problem is intercepted by analysing the fluid flow behaviours in different flow regimes and by the use of drag reducing additives. But further downsteam, the flow changes, breaking up into the chaotic whirls and eddies known as turbulent flow. Such a layered flow is also called laminar flow.If one imagines in thought massless particles that one introduces into such a flow, then these would move along straight paths with the flow. This steady, gradual increase in speed across a thin boundary layer is called laminar flow. ![]() The degree of resistance depends on multiple factors, in particular airway diameter and whether flow is laminar or turbulent. The definition of viscosity implies that the motion of the fluid can be divided into individual layers that shift against each other. This is considered as a pressing problem in material transportation due to the growing deficit of energy in present world. Revisions: 29 Airway resistance refers to the degree of resistance to air flow through the respiratory tract during inspiration and expiration. Considerable amount of energy loss is seen in pipes due to viscous and drag/frictional effects. Transportation of fluids in pipes always creates a phenomenon called drag or friction which is opposing the flow of fluid.
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